Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Allogeneic dendritic cells induce potent antitumor immunity by activating KLRG1 + CD8 T cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52151-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Allogeneic dendritic cells could elicit efficient antitumor effects. ( a ) Schematic diagram of the investigation of antitumor effects by allogeneic immunocytes. ( b , c ) B6 mice were pre-immunized with 10 8 or 10 7 of splenocytes from DBA/2 mice (▲) or B6 mice (●), respectively. After immunization for two times, they were inoculated subcutaneously with 2 × 10 6 EL4 cells. EL4 tumor sizes were detected at indicated time points. (d-f) 5 × 10 7 TCRβ − CD19 + B cells ( d ), 1 × 10 6 TCRβ − CD19 − CD11c + Ia + dendritic cells ( e ) and 3 × 10 7 TCRβ + CD19 − T cells ( f ) were isolated from splenocytes of DBA/2 (▲) or B6 (●) mice by flow cytometry and injected intraperitoneally into recipient B6 mice for two times. Recipient mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 2 × 10 6 EL4 cells. EL4 tumor sizes were detected at indicated time points. ( g – i ) B6 mice were pre-immunized intraperitoneally by 1 × 10 6 DBA DC (▲) or B6 DC (●) for two times. Then mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1 × 10 6 S180 cells ( g ) or 1 × 10 6 H22 cells ( h ), or injected intravenously with 5 × 10 5 B16 cells ( i ), and tumor growth were monitored. ( j – l ) DCs from FVB mice (▲) or B6 mice (●) were immunized into B6 mice for two times. Then recipient mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 2 × 10 6 EL4 cells ( j ), 1 × 10 6 H22 cells ( k ) or 1 × 10 6 S180 cells. ( l ) Tumor sizes were recorded at indicated time points. Recipient mice injected with PBS (■) were used as the blank control. These experiments were repeated for 3 times. n = 5 for each repeat. P values indicated the statistical significance when comparing with blank control group (ip PBS group).

Article Snippet: B16-F10 and EL4 cell lines were purchased from ATCC.

Techniques: Isolation, Flow Cytometry, Injection, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Allogeneic dendritic cells induce potent antitumor immunity by activating KLRG1 + CD8 T cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52151-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD8 T cells were involved in alloDC-elicited antitumor effects. ( a – e ) Peripheral blood was collected from DBA DC-, B6 DC- or PBS-injected mice and main lymphocyte subsets involved in antitumor immunity were examined. Proportions of indicated subsets were statistically compared among the three groups. ( f – h ) B6 mice were pre-injected with 1 × 10 7 CD8 T cells from DBA DC-immunized mice (▲, labeled as DBA DC-CD8 T), B6 DC-immunized mice (●, labeled as B6 DC-CD8 T) or PBS (■). Then recipient mice were inoculated with 2 × 10 6 EL4 cells ( f ), or 1 × 10 6 H22 cells ( g ) or 1 × 10 6 S180 cells ( h ). Tumor growth curves were depicted and compared among the three groups. These experiments were repeated thrice, where n = 5 for each repeat. P values indicated the statistical significance when comparing with blank control group (PBS group). ( i , j ) RNAseq on CD8 T cells from autoDC- and alloDC-vaccinated mice was performed and their DEGs were analyzed using R language and Cytoscape software. KEGG pathway enrichment of DEGs ( i ) and protein-protein interaction network analysis focusing on genes in the three most significantly enriched pathways ( j ) was demonstrated. Significantly enriched antitumor-associated pathways and molecules were highlighted.

Article Snippet: B16-F10 and EL4 cell lines were purchased from ATCC.

Techniques: Injection, Labeling, Control, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Allogeneic dendritic cells induce potent antitumor immunity by activating KLRG1 + CD8 T cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52151-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: KLRG1 + CD8 T cells were involved in alloDC-elicited antitumor effects. ( a , b ) B6 mice were immunized with B6 DC, FVB DC or DBA DC. Then percentages of KLRG1 + CD8 T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected at indicated time points using flow cytometry. Statistical data were shown in ( b ). ( c ) DBA/2 mice were immunized with either β 2 m −/− DC or B6 DC. Then percentages of KLRG1 + CD8 T cells were detected on day 7. ( d ) B6 mice were pre-vaccinated by different doses of DBA DC and then inoculated with EL4 subcutaneously or B16 intravenously. Peripheral KLRG1 + CD8 T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and their tumor growth was shown. ( e ) Frozen 8-μm sections were processed from B6 DC- or DBA DC-immunized spleens and were stained with DAPI (blue), PE labeled anti-CD8 (green) and APC labeled anti-KLRG1 (red). In the highlighted images, green balls represent cells only expressing CD8, while red balls represent cells only expressing KLRG1. When both CD8 and KLRG1 were expressed on the same cells, they were highlighted by a larger yellow ball. The length of the scale bar is 100 μm. ( f ) Frozen 8-μm sections from tumor-bearing lungs were stained with DAPI (blue), PE labeled anti-CD8 (green) and APC labeled anti-KLRG1 (red). The dotted white line shows the tumor border. The length of the scale bar is 100 μm. ( g ) Metastatic lung tissue was harvested and the proportions and absolute numbers of KLRG1 + CD8 T cells were compared among the mice pre-immunized by PBS, B6 DC and DBA DC. (h) 1 × 10 6 KLRG1 + CD8 T cells, KLRG1 − CD8 T cells as well as naïve CD8 T cells were sorted from DBA DC-immunize B6 mice and adoptive transferred intravenously into B6 mice injected with 1 × 10 4 B16 cells. Survival rates of each group were recorded and shown. These experiments were repeated for 3 times. n = 6 for each repeat. Error bars show standard deviation. P values indicated the statistical significance when comparing with blank control group (PBS group or naive CD8 T group).

Article Snippet: B16-F10 and EL4 cell lines were purchased from ATCC.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Labeling, Expressing, Injection, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Allogeneic dendritic cells induce potent antitumor immunity by activating KLRG1 + CD8 T cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52151-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanisms for KLRG1 + CD8 T cells suppressing tumors. ( a ) KLRG1 + CD8 T cells or KLRG1 − CD8 T cells were co-cultured with B16-GFP cells (green) at the E:T ratio of 5:1, and the killing process was captured by PE spinning disk live cell confocal microscope with a 60 × oil immersion lens. ( b ) KLRG1 + CD8 T cells or KLRG1 − CD8 T cells were co-cultured with B16-GFP cells at the E:T ratio of 5:1 for 24 hours. Then target cells were collected and stained with 7-AAD. Percentages of 7-AAD positive populations indicated the killing rates. ( c ) KLRG1 + CD8 T cells or KLRG1 − CD8 T cells were co-cultured with EL4 cells at the E:T ratio of 20:1 for 12 hours. Then target cells were collected and stained with 7-AAD. Percentages of 7-AAD positive populations indicated the killing rates. ( d ) KLRG1 + CD8 T cells and KLRG1 − CD8 T cells were co-cultured with EL4 cells at the E:T ratio of 5:1 and 20:1 for 24 h with or without 50ug/mL anti-FasL, 50ug/mL anti-TRAIL, and 50 μM Granzyme B inhibitor Z-AAD-CMK. Cytotoxicity against target cells was evaluated and shown. ( e ) In an in vitro matrigel invasion experiment, KLRG1 + CD8 T cells or KLRG1 − CD8 T cells were sorted and inoculated on the upper layer. After 24 hours, penetrated cells on the lower layer were collected and calculated. ( f – h ) Real-time PCR ( f , g ) was carried out to examine the gene expression of heparanase and p53, which were also confirmed by RNA-seq analysis. ( h ) In vitro experiments were performed in triplicates for three times.

Article Snippet: B16-F10 and EL4 cell lines were purchased from ATCC.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Microscopy, Staining, In Vitro, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Expression, RNA Sequencing

Journal: International immunopharmacology

Article Title: Tumor cell derived osteopontin and prostaglandin E2 synergistically promote the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells during the tumor immune escape phase.

doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111584

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Increased production of osteopontin (OPN) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in EL4luc2 cells and associated tumor model. (a and b), Expression of angiogenic factors and cytokines produced by EL4luc2 cells was screened using proteome profiler kits for mouse angiogenesis factors (a) and cytokines/chemokines (b). (c-e), levels of OPN and PGE2, and IL-17 were measured in the control culture medium (white bars: c, d, e) EL4 cells-derived cell culture medium (black bars: c, d, e) and sera from tumor free (control) mice (white bars: c, d, e), and EL4luc2 tumor-bearing mice (black bars: c, d, e), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (*P ≤0.05).

Article Snippet: EL4 lymphoma cell line (referred to hereafter as EL4luc2 cells) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and were stably engineered to express the gene, luc2 (PerkinElmer, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Produced, Control, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: International immunopharmacology

Article Title: Tumor cell derived osteopontin and prostaglandin E2 synergistically promote the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells during the tumor immune escape phase.

doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111584

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. EL4luc2 cell-derived soluble factors promote the survival and expansion of MDSCs in bone marrow cells. Freshly flushed bone marrow (BM) cells were cultured in a 24-well cell culture plate for 8 days using either a cell culture medium collected from EL4-Luc2 cells or a control medium. Subsequently, flow cytometry analysis was conducted on the cultured BM cells. (a) The kinetics of cell proliferation and survival of cultured BM cells monitored using the Incucyte® Live-Cel l Analysis System. (b) Representative photographs of cultured BM cells after 8 days are presented. (c), Flow cytometric analysis of cultured BM cell on day 8 was performed to assess the expression of myeloid cell lineages. Representative photographs of this lineage are displayed above MDSCs bars. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (*P ≤0.05).

Article Snippet: EL4 lymphoma cell line (referred to hereafter as EL4luc2 cells) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and were stably engineered to express the gene, luc2 (PerkinElmer, MA, USA).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, Control, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: International immunopharmacology

Article Title: Tumor cell derived osteopontin and prostaglandin E2 synergistically promote the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells during the tumor immune escape phase.

doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111584

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Osteopontin (OPN) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synergistically induce myelopoiesis with immunosuppressive activity. (a-d) Freshly flushed bone marrow (BM) cells were cultured in a 24-well cell culture plate for 72 h in the presence of various combinations of PGE2, OPN, and IL-17. Subsequently, cell viability (a and d) and immunophenotypic analysis of myeloid cells (b and e) flow cytometry analyses were conducted on the cultured BM cells using trypan blue exclusion test and flow cytometry, respectively. Representative photographs of myeloid cell populations are displayed above respective bars (b and e). c) Conditioned medial levels of arginase were quantified using colorimetric assays after treating BM cells with PGE2 and OPN. f) Effect of pioglitazone on the inhibition of proliferation of EL4 cells. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test (*P ≤0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: EL4 lymphoma cell line (referred to hereafter as EL4luc2 cells) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and were stably engineered to express the gene, luc2 (PerkinElmer, MA, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Inhibition